Ben Barres: The Trans Scientist Who Revolutionized Neuroscience and STEM Equality
Who Was Ben Barres?
Ben Barres was a trailblazing neuroscientist, a pioneering transgender scientist, and a fierce advocate for gender equality in STEM. His groundbreaking research on glial cells reshaped our understanding of brain function, and his advocacy for women, LGBTQ+ individuals, and marginalized scientists challenged systemic biases in academia. From earning tenure at Stanford to becoming the first openly transgender member of the National Academy of Sciences, Barres’ legacy continues to inspire a new generation of researchers and activists.
In this article, we explore his scientific contributions, personal journey, and the lasting impact of his work.
Early Life and Education
Born in 1954 in West Orange, New Jersey, Ben Barres showed an early fascination with science and mathematics. Encouraged by his teachers, he pursued a biology degree at MIT before earning a medical degree from Dartmouth. However, his passion for the brain led him to pivot toward neuroscience, earning a Ph.D. from Harvard University and completing postdoctoral research at University College London.
Despite excelling academically, Barres encountered systemic discrimination—particularly gender bias in STEM. As a woman in the male-dominated scientific field, he saw firsthand how women were often dismissed, passed over for promotions, and underestimated. This realization later fueled his commitment to fighting for equality in science.
Groundbreaking Contributions to Neuroscience
Ben Barres is most famous for his groundbreaking research on glial cells, often called the “support cells” of the brain. Historically overlooked in favor of neurons, glial cells were thought to be passive structures. Barres proved otherwise, showing that they play an active role in:
- Brain development
- Neuroplasticity (the brain’s ability to adapt and rewire itself)
- Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s
His work revolutionized neurobiology, shifting the focus toward how glial cells influence learning, memory, and healing after brain injury. This breakthrough has since paved the way for new treatments for brain diseases and injuries.
Transitioning as a Scientist and Breaking Barriers
At the age of 47, while working as a tenured professor at Stanford, Barres made the courageous decision to transition from female to male. His transition was not just personal—it became a powerful statement on gender bias in academia.
After transitioning, he famously noted:
“People who don’t know I am transgender treat me with much more respect than when I was a woman. I have had the thought a million times: I am taken more seriously.”
His experience highlighted the stark disparities in how women and men are treated in science, a topic he openly discussed in interviews, conferences, and academic papers.
Advocacy for Women and LGBTQ+ Scientists
Beyond neuroscience, Barres became one of the strongest advocates for diversity in STEM. He spoke out against discrimination in hiring, grant funding, and publishing that disproportionately affected women and LGBTQ+ scientists.
Some of his key advocacy efforts included:
- Challenging the “pipeline problem” myth, which falsely claims there aren’t enough qualified women in STEM.
- Fighting for equal pay, funding, and opportunities for women, transgender, and non-binary scientists.
- Mentoring young LGBTQ+ scientists and encouraging them to be open about their identities in academia.
In 2013, Barres became the first openly transgender scientist elected to the National Academy of Sciences, a milestone that cemented his legacy as a pioneer in both science and transgender visibility.
Final Years and Legacy
In 2016, Barres was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. Even in his final months, he remained committed to his work—both in neuroscience and advocacy. He spent his last year writing his memoir, The Autobiography of a Transgender Scientist, which was published posthumously in 2018.
His book remains a must-read for anyone interested in neuroscience, trans visibility in STEM, and the fight for gender equality in science.
Barres passed away in December 2017, but his impact lives on. His work has inspired countless young scientists, and his advocacy has created lasting change in how academia addresses gender and LGBTQ+ inclusion.
Why Ben Barres’ Legacy Matters Today
Ben Barres was more than just a transgender scientist—he was a visionary who transformed neuroscience while using his platform to demand justice in STEM fields.
His contributions continue to influence:
- Neuroscience research, particularly in glial cell function and brain plasticity.
- STEM advocacy, with many organizations now prioritizing diversity, equity, and inclusion.
- Transgender visibility, providing a role model for young LGBTQ+ scientists navigating academia today.
His legacy reminds us that science is strongest when it is inclusive—when every voice is heard, every idea is valued, and every person is given the chance to succeed.
As we look to the future of neuroscience, technology, and STEM innovation, Ben Barres’ influence will always be present, reminding us to push boundaries—not just in research, but in the fight for equality and representation.
Final Thoughts: Honoring Ben Barres
Ben Barres didn’t just change how we understand the brain—he changed how we see each other. His groundbreaking research and relentless advocacy have paved the way for a more inclusive world, proving that identity should never be a barrier to success.
By honoring his legacy, we continue his fight—for science, for justice, and for a future where everyone, regardless of gender identity, has a seat at the table.